The Buddhist Jataka tales also has made its way into Indonesian fables and animal folklores.
The Hindu epics the Ramayana and Mahabharata have become their own separate versions with Indonesian twists and interpretations that often differ from the Indian versions. Indian Hindu-Buddhist epics also influenced Indonesian folklore, especially through wayang and dance drama in Java and Bali. In Malay tradition, some of them are written in scripture as hikayat, while in Javanese tradition, several stories are connected with historical figures and historical records such as babad or older kakawin scriptures such as Pararaton. Some were performed in performing arts such as wayang and sendratari ( dance drama). The stories were often sung or chanted in several oral traditions such as pantun, tembang, or children's chants. Most Indonesian folklore started as oral tradition told by storytellers and parents for generations within Indonesian villages. While most Indonesian folkloric stories have happy endings and 'happily ever after' themes, some employ tragedy and have sad endings. For example, one popular theme is "the truth will always prevail, and evil will always be defeated." The stories are usually told to children as bedtime stories, and have pedagogical values such as kindness, benevolence, modesty, honesty, bravery, patience, persistence, virtue, and morality. Many ethnic groups have their own collection of tales and folklores that have been told for generations. Indonesian folklore reflects the diverse culture of Indonesia as well as the diversity of ethnic groups in Indonesia. 4 List of Indonesian Folklore based on the Region.
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